Footwear Having An Upper With Forefoot Tensile Strand Elements

ABSTRACT

Articles of footwear may include an upper with a forward lace-receiving element and a plurality of strands that extend forward from the lace-receiving element. In some configurations, the strands are located between a pair of material layers and lay substantially parallel to the material layers. In other configurations, the material layers form a loop structure, and the strands may extend at least partially around the loop structure.

BACKGROUND

Articles of footwear generally include two primary elements: an upperand a sole structure. The upper is often formed from a plurality ofmaterial elements (e.g., textiles, polymer sheet layers, foam layers,leather, synthetic leather) that are stitched or adhesively bondedtogether to form a void on the interior of the footwear for comfortablyand securely receiving a foot. More particularly, the upper forms astructure that extends over instep and toe areas of the foot, alongmedial and lateral sides of the foot, and around a heel area of thefoot. The upper may also incorporate a lacing system to adjust fit ofthe footwear, as well as permitting entry and removal of the foot fromthe void within the upper. In addition, the upper may include a tonguethat extends under the lacing system to enhance adjustability andcomfort of the footwear, and the upper may incorporate a heel counter.

The various material elements forming the upper impart differentproperties to different areas of the upper. For example, textileelements may provide breathability and may absorb moisture from thefoot, foam layers may compress to impart comfort, and leather may impartdurability and wear-resistance. As the number of material elementsincreases, the overall mass of the footwear may increase proportionally.The time and expense associated with transporting, stocking, cutting,and joining the material elements may also increase. Additionally, wastematerial from cutting and stitching processes may accumulate to agreater degree as the number of material elements incorporated into anupper increases. Moreover, products with a greater number of materialelements may be more difficult to recycle than products formed fromfewer material elements. By decreasing the number of material elements,therefore, the mass of the footwear and waste may be decreased, whileincreasing manufacturing efficiency and recyclability.

The sole structure is secured to a lower portion of the upper so as tobe positioned between the foot and the ground. In athletic footwear, forexample, the sole structure includes a midsole and an outsole. Themidsole may be formed from a polymer foam material that attenuatesground reaction forces (i.e., provides cushioning) during walking,running, and other ambulatory activities. The midsole may also includefluid-filled chambers, plates, moderators, or other elements thatfurther attenuate forces, enhance stability, or influence the motions ofthe foot, for example. The outsole forms a ground-contacting element ofthe footwear and is usually fashioned from a durable and wear-resistantrubber material that includes texturing to impart traction. The solestructure may also include a sockliner positioned within the upper andproximal a lower surface of the foot to enhance footwear comfort.

SUMMARY

An article of footwear is described below as having an upper and a solestructure secured to the upper. The upper includes a throat area with aplurality of lateral lace-receiving elements extending along a lateralside of the upper, a plurality of medial lace-receiving elementsextending along a medial side of the upper, and a forward lace-receivingelement located between the lateral side and the medial side. A laceextends through the lateral lace-receiving elements, the mediallace-receiving elements, and the forward lace-receiving element. Theupper also includes a tensile strand element located within a forefootregion of the footwear. The tensile strand element includes a pluralityof strands that extend forward from an area proximal to the forwardlace-receiving element.

In another aspect, the upper includes a first layer and a second layerthat lay adjacent to each other, with the first layer and the secondlayer defining a tab area where the first layer and the second layeroverlap to define a loop structure. A plurality of strands are locatedbetween the first layer and the second layer and substantially parallelto surfaces of the first layer and the second layer for a distance of atleast five centimeters, and portions of the strands extend around theloop structure. A lace may also extend through the loop structure.

In yet another aspect, the upper includes a throat area having aplurality of lace-receiving elements that include a forwardlace-receiving element positioned closer to a forward edge of the upperthan other lace-receiving elements. A lace extends through at least theforward lace-receiving element. The upper also includes a tensile strandelement with a first layer, a second layer, and a plurality of strandslocated between the first layer and the second layer. The strands laysubstantially parallel to surfaces of the first layer and the secondlayer for a distance of at least five centimeters, and the strandsextend from an area proximal to the forward lace-receiving elementtowards the forward edge of the footwear.

The advantages and features of novelty characterizing aspects of theinvention are pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. Togain an improved understanding of the advantages and features ofnovelty, however, reference may be made to the following descriptivematter and accompanying figures that describe and illustrate variousconfigurations and concepts related to the invention.

FIGURE DESCRIPTIONS

The foregoing Summary and the following Detailed Description will bebetter understood when read in conjunction with the accompanyingfigures.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an article of footwear.

FIG. 2 is a lateral side elevational view of the article of footwear.

FIG. 3 is a medial side elevational view of the article of footwear.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the article of footwear, as definedby section line 4-4 in FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a tensile strand element utilized in an upperof the article of footwear.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a first portion of the tensile strandelement, as defined in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the first portion of thetensile strand element.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are cross-sectional views of the first portion of thetensile strand element, as defined by section lines 8A-8A and 8B-8B inFIG. 6.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a second portion of the tensile strandelement, as defined in FIG. 5.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional views of the second portion of the tensilestrand element, as defined by section line 10-10 in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a second portion of the tensile strandelement, prior to formation of a lace-receiving element.

FIGS. 12A-12F are plan views corresponding with FIG. 5 and depictingfurther configurations of the tensile strand element.

FIGS. 13A-13D are cross-sectional views corresponding with FIG. 8A anddepicting further configurations of the tensile strand element.

FIGS. 14A and 14B are perspective views corresponding with FIG. 9 anddepicting further configurations of the tensile strand element.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose an article offootwear having an upper that includes tensile strand elements. Thearticle of footwear is disclosed as having a general configurationsuitable for walking or running. Concepts associated with the footwear,including the upper, may also be applied to a variety of other athleticfootwear types, including baseball shoes, basketball shoes,cross-training shoes, cycling shoes, football shoes, tennis shoes,soccer shoes, and hiking boots, for example. The concepts may also beapplied to footwear types that are generally considered to benon-athletic, including dress shoes, loafers, sandals, and work boots.The concepts disclosed herein apply, therefore, to a wide variety offootwear types.

General Footwear Structure

An article of footwear 10 is depicted in FIGS. 1-4 as including a solestructure 20 and an upper 30. For reference purposes, footwear 10 may bedivided into three general regions: a forefoot region 11, a midfootregion 12, and a heel region 13. Forefoot region 11 generally includesportions of footwear 10 corresponding with the toes and the jointsconnecting the metatarsals with the phalanges. Midfoot region 12generally includes portions of footwear 10 corresponding with an archarea of the foot. Heel region 13 generally corresponds with rearportions of the foot, including the calcaneus bone. Footwear 10 alsoincludes a lateral side 14 and a medial side 15, which extend througheach of regions 11-13 and correspond with opposite sides of footwear 10.More particularly, lateral side 14 corresponds with an outside area ofthe foot (i.e. the surface that faces away from the other foot), andmedial side 15 corresponds with an inside area of the foot (i.e., thesurface that faces toward the other foot). Regions 11-13 and sides 14-15are not intended to demarcate precise areas of footwear 10. Rather,regions 11-13 and sides 14-15 are intended to represent general areas offootwear 10 to aid in the following discussion. In addition to footwear10, regions 11-13 and sides 14-15 may also be applied to sole structure20, upper 30, and individual elements thereof.

Sole structure 20 is secured to upper 30 and extends between the footand the ground when footwear 10 is worn. The primary elements of solestructure 20 are a midsole 21, an outsole 22, and an sockliner 23.Midsole 21 is secured to a lower surface of upper 30 and may be formedfrom a compressible polymer foam element (e.g., a polyurethane orethylvinylacetate foam) that attenuates ground reaction forces (i.e.,provides cushioning) when compressed between the foot and the groundduring walking, running, or other ambulatory activities. In furtherconfigurations, midsole 21 may incorporate fluid-filled chambers,plates, moderators, or other elements that further attenuate forces,enhance stability, or influence the motions of the foot, or midsole 21may be primarily formed from a fluid-filled chamber. Outsole 22 issecured to a lower surface of midsole 21 and may be formed from awear-resistant rubber material that is textured to impart traction.Sockliner 23 is located within upper 30 and is positioned to extendunder a lower surface of the foot. Although this configuration for solestructure 20 provides an example of a sole structure that may be used inconnection with upper 30, a variety of other conventional ornonconventional configurations for sole structure 20 may also beutilized. Accordingly, the structure and features of sole structure 20or any sole structure utilized with upper 30 may vary considerably.

Upper 30 defines a void within footwear 10 for receiving and securing afoot relative to sole structure 20. The void is shaped to accommodatethe foot and extends along the lateral side of the foot, along themedial side of the foot, over the foot, around the heel, and under thefoot. Access to the void is provided by an ankle opening 31 located inat least heel region 13. A throat area 32 extends forward (i.e., towardforefoot region 11) from ankle opening 31 and includes various laterallace-receiving elements 33, medial lace-receiving elements 34, a forwardlace-receiving element 35, a lace 36, and a tongue 37. Although throatarea 32 is depicted as extending along and being centered onlongitudinal axis 16, throat area 32 may be offset from longitudinalaxis 16.

Lace-receiving elements 33-35 form structures that receive lace 36.Lateral lace-receiving elements 33 extend along throat area 32 and arelocated on lateral side 14. Similarly, medial lace-receiving elements 34extend along throat area 32 and are located on medial side 15. Ingeneral, therefore, lace receiving elements 33 and 34 are located onopposite sides of longitudinal axis 16. Forward lace-receiving element35 is located in a forward portion of throat area 32 and may becentrally-positioned so as to extend between sides 14 and 15. In someconfigurations, forward lace-receiving element 35 is the forward-mostlace-receiving element in footwear 10 and is located closer to a forwardedge 38 than other lace-receiving elements 33 and 34. Lace-receivingelements 33 and 34 are depicted as being apertures that extend throughupper 30, and forward lace-receiving element 35 is depicted as having atubular structure. In further configurations of footwear 10, each oflace-receiving elements 33-35 may be an aperture, tubular structure,D-ring, hook, or other structure that is suitable for receiving lace 36.

Lace 36 extends through the various lace-receiving elements 33-35. Moreparticularly, lace 36 extends alternately and in a generally zigzagging(e.g., W-shaped) pattern through lateral lace-receiving elements 33 andmedial lace-receiving apertures 34. Additionally, a portion of lace 36located in the forward portion of throat area 32 extends through forwardlace-receiving element 35. In general, lace 36 slides through thevarious lace-receiving elements 33-35 and permits a wearer of footwear10 to modify the dimensions of upper 30, thereby accommodating theproportions of the foot. More particularly, lace 36 permits the wearerto tighten upper 30 around the foot, and lace 32 permits the wearer toloosen upper 30 to facilitate entry and removal of the foot from thevoid (i.e., through ankle opening 31).

Tongue 37 enhances the comfort of footwear 10 and assists with modifyingthe dimensions of upper 30. Within footwear 10, tongue 37 extendslongitudinally through throat area 32 and is positioned belowlace-receiving elements 33-35 and lace 36. As such, tongue 37 forms aportion of the void within upper 30 and contacts the foot. In someconfigurations, tongue 37 is secured to upper 30 in the forward portionof throat area 32. Although tongue 37 may have a variety ofconfigurations, tongue 37 may be formed from a foam material that issurrounded by an exterior textile sheath. In some configurations tongue37 may include a loop or other structure that receives lace 36 andassists with maintaining the position of tongue 37.

The various portions of upper 30 may be formed from one or more of aplurality of material elements (e.g., textiles, polymer sheets, foamlayers, leather, synthetic leather) that are stitched or bonded togetherto form the void within footwear 10. Upper 30 may also incorporate aheel counter that limits heel movement in heel region 13 or awear-resistant toe guard located in forefoot region 11. Indicia in theform of trademarks, for example, may also be secured or printed on upper30. Although a variety of material elements or other elements may beincorporated into upper, forefoot region 11 includes a plurality ofstrands 41. Referring to FIGS. 1-3, strands 41 extend forward fromforward lace-receiving element 35. More particularly, strands 41 extendfrom forward lace-receiving element 35 to forward edge 38, which isproximal to an area where sole structure 20 and upper 30 are secured toeach other in forefoot region 11. Moreover, strands 41 extend onto andat least partially around the tubular structure forming forwardlace-receiving element 35. Referring also to FIG. 4, the various strands41 are located between a base layer 42 and a cover layer 43 (i.e., firstand second material layers). Whereas base layer 42 forms a surface ofthe void within upper 30, cover layer 43 forms a portion of an exterioror exposed surface of upper 30. The combination of strands 41, baselayer 42, and cover layer 43 may, therefore, form substantially all ofthe thickness of upper 30 in some areas. In further configurations,additional layers or material elements may be utilized in combinationwith layers 42 and 43.

During walking, running, or other ambulatory activities, a foot withinthe void in footwear 10 may tend to stretch upper 30. Additionally,utilizing lace 36 to modify the dimensions of upper 30 may tend tostretch upper 30. That is, many of the material elements forming upper30 may stretch when placed in tension by movements of the foot orthrough lacing upper 30. Although strands 41 may also stretch, strands41 generally stretch to a lesser degree than the other material elementsforming upper 30 (e.g., base layer 42 and cover layer 43). Each ofstrands 41 may be located, therefore, to form structural components inupper 30 that resist stretching in specific directions or reinforcelocations where forces are concentrated.

As structural components, strands 41 are generally located in forefootregion 11 to resist stretch in forefoot region 11 that may arise fromwalking, running, or other ambulatory activities. Strands 41 also extendaround forward lace-receiving element 35 and forward from forwardlace-receiving element 35 to resist stretch due to tension in lace 32.Given that strands 41 also radiate outward from forward lace-receivingelement 35, forces from the tension in lace 32 or from movement of thefoot may be distributed over a relatively large area of upper 30. Ingeneral, therefore, the locations and orientations of strands 41 formstructural components in upper 30 that resist stretch, particularly inforefoot region 11 and the portion of upper 30 located forward of throatarea 32.

Tensile Strand Element

A tensile strand element 40 that may be incorporated into upper 30 isdepicted in

FIG. 5. When incorporated into footwear 10, element 40 has aconfiguration that (a) extends from forefoot region 11 to heel region 13on each of sides 14 and 15, (b) defines portions of ankle opening 31,(c) defines portions of throat area 32, including lace-receivingelements 33-35, (d) forms both an interior surface (i.e., the surfacethat contacts the foot or a sock worn by the foot when footwear 10 isworn) and an exterior surface (i.e., an outer, exposed surface offootwear 10), and (e) includes the various strands 41. Although element40 extends through a majority of upper 30, element 40 may have aconfiguration that only forms particular area of upper 30. For example,element 40 may be limited to forefoot region 11 or may extend throughonly one of lateral side 14 and medial side 15. In these configurations,additional elements may be joined to element 40 to form further areas ofupper 30.

A first portion of element 40 is depicted in each of FIGS. 6-8B. Element40 includes base layer 42 and cover layer 43, with strands 41 beingpositioned between layers 42 and 43. Strands 41 lay adjacent to asurface of base layer 42 and substantially parallel to the surface ofbase layer 42. In general, strands 41 also lay adjacent to a surface ofcover layer 43 and substantially parallel to the surface of cover layer43. As discussed above, strands 41 form structural components in upper30 that resist stretch. By being substantially parallel to the surfacesof base layer 42 and cover layer 43, strands 41 resist stretch indirections that correspond with the planes on which the surfaces oflayers 42 and 43 lay. Although strands 41 may extend through base layer42 (e.g., as a result of stitching) in some locations, areas wherestrands 41 extend through base layer 42 may permit stretch, therebyreducing the overall ability of strands 41 to limit stretch. As aresult, each of strands 41 generally lay adjacent to a surface of baselayer 42 and substantially parallel to the surface of base layer 42 fordistances of at least five centimeters or more.

Base layer 42 and cover layer 43 are depicted as being coextensive witheach other. That is, layers 42 and 43 may have the same shape and size,such that edges of base layer 42 correspond and are even with edges ofcover layer 43. In some manufacturing processes, (a) strands 41 arelocated upon base layer 42, (b) cover layer 43 is bonded to base layer42 and strands 41, and (c) element 40 is cut from this combination tohave the desired shape and size, thereby forming common edges for baselayer 42 and cover layer 43. In this process, ends of strands 41 mayalso extend to edges of layers 42 and 43. Accordingly, edges of layers42 and 43, as well as ends of strands 41, may all be positioned at edgesof element 40.

Each of base layer 42 and cover layer 43 may be formed from anygenerally two-dimensional material. As utilized with respect to thepresent invention, the term “two-dimensional material” or variantsthereof is intended to encompass generally flat materials exhibiting alength and a width that are substantially greater than a thickness.Accordingly, suitable materials for base layer 42 and cover layer 43include various textiles, polymer sheets, or combinations of textilesand polymer sheets, for example. Textiles are generally manufacturedfrom fibers, filaments, or yarns that are, for example, either (a)produced directly from webs of fibers by bonding, fusing, orinterlocking to construct non-woven fabrics and felts or (b) formedthrough a mechanical manipulation of yarn to produce a woven or knittedfabric. The textiles may incorporate fibers that are arranged to impartone-directional stretch or multi-directional stretch, and the textilesmay include coatings that form a breathable and water-resistant barrier,for example. The polymer sheets may be extruded, rolled, or otherwiseformed from a polymer material to exhibit a generally flat aspect.Two-dimensional materials may also encompass laminated or otherwiselayered materials that include two or more layers of textiles, polymersheets, or combinations of textiles and polymer sheets. In addition totextiles and polymer sheets, other two-dimensional materials may beutilized for base layer 42 and cover layer 43. Although two-dimensionalmaterials may have smooth or generally untextured surfaces, sometwo-dimensional materials will exhibit textures or other surfacecharacteristics, such as dimpling, protrusions, ribs, or variouspatterns, for example. Despite the presence of surface characteristics,two-dimensional materials remain generally flat and exhibit a length anda width that are substantially greater than a thickness. In someconfigurations, mesh materials or perforated materials may be utilizedfor either or both of layers 42 and 43 to impart greater breathabilityor air permeability.

Strands 41 may be formed from any generally one-dimensional material. Asutilized with respect to the present invention, the term“one-dimensional material” or variants thereof is intended to encompassgenerally elongate materials exhibiting a length that is substantiallygreater than a width and a thickness. Accordingly, suitable materialsfor strands 41 include various filaments, fibers, yarns, threads,cables, or ropes that are formed from rayon, nylon, polyester,polyacrylic, silk, cotton, carbon, glass, aramids (e.g., para-aramidfibers and meta-aramid fibers), ultra high molecular weightpolyethylene, liquid crystal polymer, copper, aluminum, and steel.Whereas filaments have an indefinite length and may be utilizedindividually as strands 41, fibers have a relatively short length andgenerally go through spinning or twisting processes to produce a strandof suitable length. An individual filament utilized in strands 41 may beformed form a single material (i.e., a monocomponent filament) or frommultiple materials (i.e., a bicomponent filament). Similarly, differentfilaments may be formed from different materials. As an example, yarnsutilized as strands 41 may include filaments that are each formed from acommon material, may include filaments that are each formed from two ormore different materials, or may include filaments that are each formedfrom two or more different materials. Similar concepts also apply tothreads, cables, or ropes. The thickness of strands 41 may also varysignificantly to range from 0.03 millimeters to more than 5 millimeters,for example. Although one-dimensional materials will often have across-section where width and thickness are substantially equal (e.g., around or square cross-section), some one-dimensional materials may havea width that is greater than a thickness (e.g., a rectangular, oval, orotherwise elongate cross-section). Despite the greater width, a materialmay be considered one-dimensional if a length of the material issubstantially greater than a width and a thickness of the material.

As examples, base layer 42 may be formed from a textile material andcover layer 43 may be formed from a polymer sheet that is bonded to thetextile material, or each of layers 42 and 43 may be formed from polymersheets that are bonded to each other. In circumstances where base layer42 is formed from a textile material, cover layer 43 may incorporatethermoplastic polymer materials that bond with the textile material ofbase layer 42. That is, by heating cover layer 43, the thermoplasticpolymer material of cover layer 43 may bond with the textile material ofbase layer 42. As an alternative, a thermoplastic polymer material mayinfiltrate or be bonded with the textile material of base layer 42 inorder to bond with cover layer 43. That is, base layer 42 may be acombination of a textile material and a thermoplastic polymer material.An advantage of this configuration is that the thermoplastic polymermaterial may rigidify or otherwise stabilize the textile material ofbase layer 42 during the manufacturing process of element 40, includingportions of the manufacturing process involving lying strands 41 uponbase layer 42. This general concept is disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/180,235, which was filed in the U.S. Patent andTrademark Office on 25 Jul. 2008 and entitled Composite Element With APolymer Connecting Layer, such prior application being entirelyincorporated herein by reference.

Based upon the above discussion, element 40 generally includes twolayers 42 and 43 with strands 41 located between. Although strands 41may pass through one of layers 42 and 43, strands 41 generally layadjacent to surfaces of layers 42 and 43 and substantially parallel tothe surfaces layers 42 and 43 for at least five centimeters. Whereas avariety of one dimensional materials may be used for strands 41, one ormore two dimensional materials may be used for layers 42 and 43.

Forward Lace-Receiving Element

A portion of element 40 that includes forward lace-receiving element 35is depicted in FIGS. 9 and 10. As with other areas of element 40, thisportion includes strands 41 and layers 42 and 43. Forward lace-receivingelement 35 is formed as a loop of material that includes strands 41 andlayers 42 and 43. Referring to FIG. 11, element 40 is depicted in aconfiguration prior to the formation of forward lace-receiving element35 and includes a tab area 44. In order to form forward lace-receivingelement 35, tab area 44 may be overlapped or folded upon itself (i.e.,formed into a loop structure) and secured. Referring to FIG. 10, forexample, stitching 45 extends through layers 42 and 43 to secure tabarea 44 and form forward lace-receiving element 35. As an alternative tostitching 45, heat bonding or adhesives may be utilized to secure tabarea 44 and form forward lace-receiving element 35.

Strands 41 extend onto tab area 44 and around forward lace-receivingelement 35. As discussed above, strands 41 also extend around forwardlace-receiving element 35 and forward from forward lace-receivingelement 35 to resist stretch due to tension in lace 32. Given thatstrands 41 also radiate outward from forward lace-receiving element 35,forces from the tension in lace 32 or from movement of the foot may bedistributed over a relatively large area of upper 30. By wrapping orextending strands 41 around forward lace-receiving element 35, forcesfrom lace 32 are transferred to portions of strands 41 that extendforward from forward lace-receiving element 35. Accordingly, theconfiguration of forward lace-receiving element 35 interfaces with lace32 to distribute forces over a relatively large area of upper 30.

Structural Components

A conventional upper may be formed from multiple material layers thateach impart different properties to various areas of the upper. Duringuse, an upper may experience significant tensile forces, and one or morelayers of material are positioned in areas of the upper to resist thetensile forces. That is, individual layers may be incorporated intospecific portions of the upper to resist tensile forces that ariseduring use of the footwear. As an example, a woven textile may beincorporated into an upper to impart stretch resistance in thelongitudinal direction. A woven textile is formed from yarns thatinterweave at right angles to each other. If the woven textile isincorporated into the upper for purposes of longitudinalstretch-resistance, then only the yarns oriented in the longitudinaldirection will contribute to longitudinal stretch-resistance, and theyarns oriented orthogonal to the longitudinal direction will notgenerally contribute to longitudinal stretch-resistance. Approximatelyone-half of the yarns in the woven textile are, therefore, superfluousto longitudinal stretch-resistance. As an extension of this example, thedegree of stretch-resistance required in different areas of the uppermay vary. Whereas some areas of the upper may require a relatively highdegree of stretch-resistance, other areas of the upper may require arelatively low degree of stretch-resistance. Because the woven textilemay be utilized in areas requiring both high and low degrees ofstretch-resistance, some of the yarns in the woven textile aresuperfluous in areas requiring the low degree of stretch-resistance. Inthis example, the superfluous yarns add to the overall mass of thefootwear, without adding beneficial properties to the footwear. Similarconcepts apply to other materials, such as leather and polymer sheets,that are utilized for one or more of wear-resistance, flexibility,air-permeability, cushioning, and moisture-wicking, for example.

As a summary of the above discussion, materials utilized in theconventional upper formed from multiple layers of material may havesuperfluous portions that do not significantly contribute to the desiredproperties of the upper. With regard to stretch-resistance, for example,a layer may have material that imparts (a) a greater number ofdirections of stretch-resistance or (b) a greater degree ofstretch-resistance than is necessary or desired. The superfluousportions of these materials may, therefore, add to the overall mass andcost of the footwear, without contributing significant beneficialproperties.

In contrast with the conventional layered construction discussed above,upper 30 is constructed to minimize the presence of superfluousmaterial. Base layer 42 and cover layer 43 provide a covering for thefoot, but exhibit a relatively low mass. Strands 41 are positioned toprovide stretch-resistance in particular directions and locations, andthe number of strands 41 is selected to impart the desired degree ofstretch-resistance. Accordingly, the orientations, locations, andquantity of strands 41 are selected to provide structural componentsthat are tailored to a specific purpose.

Based upon the above discussion, strands 41 may be utilized to formstructural components in upper 30. In general, strands 41 resist stretchto limit the overall stretch in upper 30. Strands 41 may also beutilized to distribute forces (e.g., forces from lace 32) to differentareas of upper 30. Accordingly, the orientations, locations, andquantity of strands 41 are selected to provide structural componentsthat are tailored to a specific purpose.

Further Footwear Configurations

The orientations, locations, and quantity of strands 41 in FIGS. 1 and 2are intended to provide an example of a suitable configuration forfootwear 10. In other configurations of footwear 10, various strands 41may be absent, or additional strands 41 may be present to providefurther structural components in footwear 10. Referring to FIG. 12A,strands 41 cross each other in the area forward of forwardlace-receiving element 35. Strands 41 may also exhibit a branching orweb-like structure in the area forward of forward lace-receiving element35, as depicted in FIG. 12B. Although some strands 41 do not extend ontoand around forward lace-receiving element 35, strands 41 in thisconfiguration may continue to resist stretch due to tension in lace 32and distribute forces over a relatively large area of upper 30. Inanother configuration, depicted in FIG. 12C, strands 41 extend forwardfrom forward lace-receiving element 35, but do not extend to edges oflayers 42 and 43. In footwear 10, therefore, strands 41 may terminate inan area of forefoot region 11 that is located inward from forward edge38. Although strands 41 may generally be linear, a configuration whereinportions of strands 41 are wavy or otherwise non-linear is depicted inFIG. 12D. As discussed above, strands 41 may resist stretch in upper 30,but the non-linear areas of strands 41 may allow some stretch in upper30. As strands 41 straighten due to the stretch, however, strands 41 maythen resist stretch in upper 30. Referring to FIG. 12E, strands 41extend forward of forward lace-receiving element 35, and additionalstrands 41 extend outward from lace-receiving elements 33 and 34 andtoward an area where sole structure 20 and upper 30 are joined.Accordingly, strands 41 may also be located in other areas of footwear10 to resist stretch or otherwise provide structural components. Thisconcept is generally discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,574,818 to Meschter,which is entirely incorporated herein by reference. Anotherconfiguration of element 40, which may be utilized in a basketballconfiguration of footwear 10, is depicted in FIG. 12F.

The running style or preferences of an individual may also determine theorientations, locations, and quantity of strands 41. For example, someindividuals may have a relatively high degree of pronation (i.e., aninward roll of the foot), and having a greater number of strands 41 onlateral side 14 may reduce the degree of pronation. Some individuals mayalso prefer greater longitudinal stretch resistance, and footwear 10 maybe modified to include further strands 41 that extend between regions11-13 on both sides 14 and 15. Some individuals may also prefer thatupper 30 fit more snugly, which may require adding more strands 41throughout upper 30. Accordingly, footwear 10 may be customized to therunning style or preferences of an individual through changes in theorientations, locations, and quantity of strands 41.

Various aspects relating to strands 41 and layers 42 and 43 in FIGS. 8Aand 8B are intended to provide an example of a suitable configurationfor element 40. In other configurations of element 40, additional layersor the positions of strands 41 with respect to layers 42 and 43 mayvary. Referring to FIG. 13A, cover layer 43 is absent such that strands41 are exposed. In this configuration, adhesives or a thermoplasticpolymer material that infiltrates base layer 42 may be utilized tosecure strands 41 to base layer 42. In FIG. 8A, base layer 42 issubstantially planar, whereas cover layer 43 protrudes outward in theareas of strands 41. Referring to FIG. 13B, both of layers 42 and 43protrude outward due to the presence of strands 41. In anotherconfiguration, depicted in FIG. 13C, an additional layer 46 is locatedadjacent to base layer 42. In footwear 10, layer 46 may form a surfaceof the void within upper 30. Referring to FIG. 13D, an additional set ofstrands 41 is located on an opposite side of base layer 42, with a 46extending over the additional set of strands 41. This configuration mayarise when an embroidery process is utilized to locate strands 41.

Forward lace-receiving element 35 is discussed above as having a loopstructure, and strands 41 extend around the loop structure. In furtherconfigurations, forward lace-receiving element 35 may have differentstructures. For example, FIG. 14A depicts a configuration wherein twoapertures 47 are utilized to provide an element for receiving lace 36.Note that strands 41 are depicted as extending around apertures 47. Asanother example, one or more hooks 48 may be utilized to receive lace36, as depicted in FIG. 14B, and strands 41 extend under hooks 48.Accordingly, a variety of structures may be utilized to receive lace 36.

Manufacturing Method

A variety of methods may be utilized to manufacture upper 30 and,particularly, element 40. As an example, an embroidery process may beutilized to locate strands 41 relative to base layer 42. Once strands 41are positioned, cover layer 43 may be bonded to base layer 42 andstrands 41, thereby securing strands 41 within element 40 and betweenlayers 42 and 43. This general process is described in detail in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/442,679, which was filed in the U.S.Patent and Trademark Office on 25 May 2006 and entitled Article OfFootwear Having An Upper With Thread Structural Elements, such priorapplication being entirely incorporated herein by reference. As analternative to an embroidery process, other stitching processes may beutilized to locate strands 41 relative to base layer 42, such ascomputer stitching. Additionally, processes that involve winding strands41 around pegs on a frame around base layer 42 may be utilized to locatestrands 41 over base layer 42. Accordingly, a variety of methods may beutilized to locate strands 41 relative to base layer 42 in themanufacturing process of upper 30.

Footwear comfort is generally enhanced when the surfaces of upper 30forming the void have relatively smooth or otherwise continuousconfigurations. In other words, seams, protrusions, ridges, and otherdiscontinuities may cause discomfort to the foot. Referring to FIG. 4,base layer 42 has a relatively smooth aspect, whereas cover layer 43protrudes outward in the areas of strands 41. In contrast, FIG. 13Bdepicts a configuration wherein base layer 42 and cover layer 43protrude outward in the areas of strands 41. In general, theconfiguration of FIG. 4 may impart greater footwear comfort due to thegreater smoothness to the surface forming the void within upper 30. Aprocess disclosing a manner of forming a relatively smooth aspect tobase layer 42 is described in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/419,985, which was filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on 7Apr. 2009 and entitled Method For Molding Tensile Strand Elements, suchprior application being entirely incorporated herein by reference.

CONCLUSION

The invention is disclosed above and in the accompanying figures withreference to a variety of configurations. The purpose served by thedisclosure, however, is to provide an example of the various featuresand concepts related to the invention, not to limit the scope of theinvention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that numerousvariations and modifications may be made to the configurations describedabove without departing from the scope of the present invention, asdefined by the appended claims.

1. An article of footwear having an upper and a sole structure securedto the upper, the upper comprising: a throat area that includes aplurality of lateral lace-receiving elements extending along a lateralside of the upper, a plurality of medial lace-receiving elementsextending along a medial side of the upper, and a forward lace-receivingelement located between the lateral side and the medial side; a laceextending through the lateral lace-receiving elements, the mediallace-receiving elements, and the forward lace-receiving element; and atensile strand element located within a forefoot region of the footwear,the tensile strand element including a plurality of strands that extendfrom an area proximal to the forward lace-receiving element and toward aforward edge of the footwear.
 2. The article of footwear recited inclaim 1, wherein the tensile strand element includes a pair of materiallayers, with the strands being located between the material layers andlaying substantially parallel to surfaces of the material layers for adistance of at least five centimeters.
 3. The article of footwearrecited in claim 1, wherein the strands radiate outward from the areaproximal to the forward lace-receiving element.
 4. The article offootwear recited in claim 1, wherein the strands cross each other in aregion between the forward lace-receiving element and the forward edgeof the footwear.
 5. The article of footwear recited in claim 1, whereinthe tensile strand element includes at least one material layer and thestrands lay adjacent to a surface of the material layer, and thematerial layer forms a loop that defines the forward lace-receivingelement.
 6. The article of footwear recited in claim 5, wherein thestrands extend around the loop.
 7. An article of footwear having anupper and a sole structure secured to the upper, the upper comprising: athroat area that includes a plurality of lateral lace-receiving elementsextending along a lateral side of the upper, a plurality of mediallace-receiving elements extending along a medial side of the upper, anda forward lace-receiving element located between the lateral side andthe medial side; a lace extending through the lateral lace-receivingelements, the medial lace-receiving elements, and the forwardlace-receiving element; and a tensile strand element located within aforefoot region of the footwear, the tensile strand element including afirst layer, a second layer, and a plurality of strands located betweenthe first layer and the second layer, at least the first layer and thesecond layer forming a loop that defines the forward lace-receivingelement, the strands extending at least partially around the loop. 8.The article of footwear recited in claim 7, wherein the strands laysubstantially parallel to a surface of the first material layer for adistance of at least five centimeters.
 9. The article of footwearrecited in claim 7, wherein the strands radiate outward from the forwardlace-receiving element.
 10. The article of footwear recited in claim 7,wherein the strands cross each other in a region between the forwardlace-receiving element and a forward edge of the footwear.
 11. Anarticle of footwear having an upper and a sole structure secured to theupper, the upper comprising: a first layer and a second layer that layadjacent to each other, the first layer and the second layer defining atab area where the first layer and the second layer overlap to define aloop structure; a plurality of strands located between the first layerand the second layer and substantially parallel to surfaces of the firstlayer and the second layer for a distance of at least five centimeters,portions of the strands extending around the loop structure; and a laceextending through the loop structure.
 12. The article of footwearrecited in claim 11, wherein the strands extend from the loop structureand through a forefoot region of the upper.
 13. The article of footwearrecited in claim 11, wherein the upper includes a throat area with (a) aplurality of lateral lace-receiving elements extending along a lateralside of the upper and (b) a plurality of medial lace-receiving elementsextending along a medial side of the upper, and the loop structure islocated between the lateral side and the medial side.
 14. The article offootwear recited in claim 13, wherein additional strands extend from thelateral lace-receiving elements and the medial lace-receiving elementsand toward an area where the upper is joined to the sole structure. 15.The article of footwear recited in claim 11, wherein the strands extendfrom the loop structure towards a forward edge of the footwear.
 16. Thearticle of footwear recited in claim 15, wherein the strands radiateoutwards in a region between the loop structure and the forward edge ofthe footwear.
 17. The article of footwear recited in claim 11, whereinthe strands cross each other in a region between the loop structure andthe forward edge of the footwear.
 18. An article of footwear having anupper and a sole structure secured to the upper, the upper comprising: athroat area having a plurality of lace-receiving elements that include aforward lace-receiving element positioned closer to a forward edge ofthe upper than other lace-receiving elements; a lace extending throughat least the forward lace-receiving element; and a tensile strandelement that includes a first layer, a second layer, and a plurality ofstrands located between the first layer and the second layer, thestrands laying substantially parallel to surfaces of the first layer andthe second layer for a distance of at least five centimeters, and thestrands extending from an area proximal to the forward lace-receivingelement towards the forward edge of the footwear.
 19. The article offootwear recited in claim 18, wherein the forward lace-receiving elementis a loop structure formed by at least the first layer and the secondlayer.
 20. The article of footwear recited in claim 19, wherein thestrands extend at least partially around the loop structure.